PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.
